クレジットカードリボ払い・返済シミュレーター - 無料オンライン計算ツール
クレジットカードのリボ払いや分割払いの金利負担、完済までの期間、支払総額を詳細に可視化。
Quick Reference Guide: Paying only the 'Minimum Due' on a credit card keeps your account current, but the unpaid balance accrues compounding interest at 36% to 48% APR. Switching to a fixed monthly payment cuts payoff time from 15+ years down to under 3 years and saves thousands in interest.
What Is the Difference Between 'Minimum Due' and 'Fixed Payment'?
Every credit card billing statement displays two primary figures: the 'Total Due' (the full outstanding balance) and the 'Minimum Amount Due' (the lowest sum required to avoid late fees and keep the account in good standing). In India, the minimum due is typically 5% of the outstanding balance or a fixed floor (around ₹200 to ₹500), whichever is greater.
Paying only the minimum due preserves your credit standing, but the remaining balance continues to accrue finance charges daily at high APRs (typically 36% to 48% annually). Furthermore, revolving any balance forfeits the interest-free grace period (45 to 50 days) on all subsequent transactions. Because the minimum payment shrinks alongside the decreasing balance, repayment decelerates dramatically, often prolonging debt for over a decade. This tool models both paths interactively side by side.
How This Calculator Computes Payoff Time & Interest (Formulas)
This calculator simulates month-by-month balance amortizations and finance charges using the following mathematical models:
Minimum-Due Repayment PathSlow Payoff
- 1. Finance Charge for MonthInterest = Outstanding Balance × r
- 2. Minimum Payment DuePayment = MAX(Outstanding Balance × Min Payment %, Floor Amount of 500)
- 3. Closing BalanceNew Balance = Outstanding Balance + Interest - Payment
Fixed-Payment Repayment PathRecommended
- 1. Finance Charge for MonthInterest = Outstanding Balance × r
- 2. Fixed Monthly PaymentChosen Fixed Amount (capped with a safety buffer so it never falls below that month's interest)
- 3. Closing BalanceNew Balance = Outstanding Balance + Interest - Fixed Payment
On the minimum-payment path, selecting an unrealistically low payment percentage (such as the 2% slider minimum) at a high APR (42%) causes the minimum payment (₹2,000) to fall below that month's accrued interest (₹3,500). In this scenario, the balance expands instead of contracting, reaching the simulation cap of '30+ Years' (360 months). Under RBI Master Directions, regulated banks must formulate MAD to prevent negative amortization.
Step-by-Step Worked Example (Default Widget Parameters)
Path 1: Fixed Monthly Payment (₹5,000 / month)
Payoff Months (n) = ln[ Payment ÷ (Payment - First Month's Interest) ] ÷ ln(1 + r)
- First Month's Interest Accrual: ₹1,00,000 × 0.035 = ₹3,500
- Principal Reduction in Month 1: ₹5,00,0 - ₹3,500 = ₹1,500
- Exact Payoff Duration via Logarithmic Formula: n = ln[ 5000 ÷ (5000 - 3500) ] ÷ ln(1.035) = ln(3.333) ÷ 0.0344 ≈ 35 months (~2.9 years)
Path 2: Minimum Payment Only (5% + ₹500 Floor)
Because each month's payment is a fixed fraction (5%) of a continuously diminishing balance, the monthly installment shrinks as the principal drops (from ₹5,000 down to ₹3,000, ₹1,500, and finally settling at the ₹500 floor).
Because the payment contracts in tandem with the principal, amortizing the residual tail becomes painfully sluggish. Complete payoff typically requires 10 to 15+ years, accumulating over ₹1,50,000 to ₹2,00,000 in compounding interest.
Reference Amortization & Regulatory Tables
Table A - Standard Credit Card APR & Minimum Payment Benchmark (India)
| Regulatory / Structural Feature | Standard Industry Benchmark (Official Guidelines) |
|---|---|
| Annual Percentage Rate (APR) | 36% to 48% per annum (varies by bank and credit profile) |
| Monthly Periodic Interest Rate | 3.0% to 4.0% per month |
| Minimum Amount Due (MAD) | 5% to 10% of total statement balance, or ₹200 to ₹500 floor (whichever is higher) |
| Negative Amortization Prohibition | Strictly prohibited by RBI Master Directions (2022); MAD must fully cover accrued finance charges |
| Interest-Free Grace Period | 45 to 50 days (voided immediately if any previous balance is revolved) |
Note: Consult your card's Most Important Terms and Conditions (MITC) or monthly billing statement for binding contractual terms.
Table B - Calculator Mathematical Model vs Actual Card Statement Realities
| Included in This Calculator Model | Actual Real-World Statement Additions |
|---|---|
| Static opening balance and compounded monthly APR | New retail purchases, recurring EMIs, and annual card membership fees |
| Standard 5% minimum payment or ₹500 floor | 18% Goods & Services Tax (GST) on all finance charges and unpaid past MAD |
| End-of-month periodic interest accrual | Average Daily Balance (ADB) computation from the exact transaction posting dates |
| Zero late payment penalty assumed (Late Fee = ₹0) | Late payment charges (₹100 to ₹1,300+) applied if MAD is missed |
This calculator serves as a simplified mathematical projection. Actual statements differ slightly due to taxes, fees, and daily posting schedules.
Table C - US Credit CARD Act of 2009 'Minimum Payment Warning' Disclosure Standards
- Minimum-Only Payoff Horizon: Total elapsed years and months required to extinguish balance paying only minimums.
- Total Minimum Repayment: The cumulative sum of principal and compounding finance charges paid over that full duration.
- 36-Month Accelerated Payoff Target: The exact fixed monthly installment required to achieve total debt liquidation in 3 years.
In-Depth Editorial Analysis: Understanding Negative Amortization and the Credit Card Debt Trap
Negative amortization occurs when scheduled periodic loan payments fail to cover the interest accrued during that billing cycle. Instead of amortizing downward, the shortfall is capitalized onto the principal balance, compounding further finance charges in subsequent cycles. In revolving credit, this creates a compounding debt spiral where a borrower remains dutifully current while their total liability expands.
This hazard is far from hypothetical. In June 2024, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) penalized HSBC with a monetary fine of ₹29.6 lakh for systemic deficiencies in its minimum amount due (MAD) formula, which allowed negative amortization in certain revolving credit accounts. Under the RBI's 2022 Master Directions on Credit Card and Debit Card Operations, regulated card issuers are strictly mandated to ensure the MAD formula covers all interest, taxes, and fees so that principal never inflates under compliant repayment.
Users of this interactive tool should note an important design parameter: the 'Min Payment (%)' slider allows adjustments down to 2%. At the default 42% APR (3.5% monthly), a 2% minimum payment on ₹1,00,000 yields ₹2,000, which falls ₹1,500 short of the month's ₹3,500 interest accrual. In this scenario, the balance expands each month until the simulation terminates at the 360-month cap ('30+ Years'). Because real regulated credit cards legally prohibit negative amortization, treat low-percentage slider inputs as exploratory 'what-if' exercises rather than representations of your active credit card.
Additionally, while this tool supports multi-currency selection, the code utilizes fixed numeric constants for the minimum payment floor (500) and the fixed-payment safety buffer (100) regardless of the currency symbol chosen. In USD or EUR, a 500-unit floor represents a substantial baseline, whereas in INR, ₹500 is a standard nominal floor. This tool is designed to provide mathematical perspective and debt-reduction planning rather than actuarial statement accounting.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What happens if I only pay the minimum on my credit card?
Your account stays in good standing and avoids late fees, but the remaining 90% to 95% balance continues to accrue compounding interest at 36% to 48% APR. Furthermore, you lose the 45-50 day interest-free grace period on new purchases, and full payoff can stretch to 10-15+ years.
How long will it take to pay off my credit card balance?
Payoff duration depends strictly on your balance, APR, and repayment strategy. Paying only the minimum due on a ₹1,00,000 balance at 42% APR typically requires 12 to 15+ years. Switching to a fixed monthly installment of ₹5,000 clears the entire balance in under 3 years.
What is the difference between credit card minimum due and an EMI?
An EMI is a fixed-tenure loan with equal monthly installments and a fixed interest rate (typically 14% to 20%), designed to amortize fully over 6 to 24 months. Minimum due is a revolving credit threshold with no termination date, subject to peak interest rates of 36% to 48% APR.
What is negative amortization in credit cards?
Negative amortization occurs when your monthly payment is smaller than the monthly interest charge. The unpaid interest is added to the principal balance, making your total debt grow despite paying on time. Regulated banks in India are legally barred from allowing this under RBI rules.
Will this calculator's result match my actual credit card statement?
No, it is a simplified mathematical estimate. Actual credit card statements incorporate 18% GST on all finance charges, new purchases, annual card fees, late penalties, and daily interest compounding based on average daily balances.
Is this financial advice?
No. This calculator is an educational and mathematical modeling tool designed to illustrate the financial impact of interest rates and repayment strategies. For debt restructuring or settlement, consult your bank or a certified financial advisor.
Verified Regulatory & Authoritative Sources
- •Reserve Bank of India (RBI) - Master Directions on Credit Card and Debit Card Operations (2022)
- •RBI Financial Education & Consumer Protection Guidelines
- •US Congress - Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure (CARD) Act of 2009
- •Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) - Consumer Credit Card Regulations & Warnings
- •Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin Germany) - Verbraucherinformationen Kreditkarten
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